Glossary · Process instrumentation and analytical measurement
0–10 V signal
Also known as: 0-10 V analog signal, Voltage signal
German: 0–10-V-Signal
In automation, a 0–10 V signal is a standardized analog voltage signal in which the measured or set value is represented by a DC voltage between 0 and 10 volts. It is common for short connections in machines and building automation.
- Process instrumentation
- Standards
In one sentence
A 0–10 V signal represents an analog value as a DC voltage from 0 to 10 V, common for short connections in machines and buildings.
Example
A frequency inverter receives its speed setpoint from the PLC as a 0–10 V signal, where 10 V corresponds to 50 Hz.
How it applies
- Engineering: Voltage signals are simple but sensitive to voltage drops on long cables and to electromagnetic interference. They suit short distances inside a cabinet or machine; for long field cables, current signals are preferred.
- Diagnostics: Because 0 V is a valid value (dead zero), a broken wire cannot be distinguished from the minimum value. Where this matters, a live-zero signal such as 2–10 V or 4–20 mA is safer.
- Commissioning: Check scaling at both ends and the reference potential. Ground loops cause offsets; signal isolators help.
- Documentation: State the scaling (which value at 0 V and 10 V) and the behavior on signal loss in the interface description and in the operating manual of the driven device.
0–10 V signal vs. 4–20 mA current loop
A 4–20 mA current loop is insensitive to cable resistance and detects a broken wire. A 0–10 V signal is easier to measure and needs no loop supply, but offers neither advantage.