Glossary · Automation software engineering and architecture
Over-the-air update (OTA)
Also known as: OTA update, Firmware over the air (FOTA)
German: Over-the-Air-Aktualisierung (OTA)
In connected devices, an over-the-air update (OTA) is the delivery and installation of software or firmware through a wireless or network connection without physical access to the device.
- Software engineering
- OT security
In one sentence
An over-the-air update delivers and installs software or firmware over a network connection without physical access to the device.
Example
A fleet of mobile robots receives a new navigation firmware version over the air, installed one robot at a time while the others continue to work.
How it applies
- Engineering: OTA needs signed packages, integrity checks, power-fail-safe installation (for example A/B partitions) and a Rollback path. Without these, a failed update can leave a device unusable in the field.
- Operation: On machines, an update must never start while the machine is in a hazardous state. Operators need control over when updates install; unexpected restarts are a safety and production risk.
- Documentation: Describe the update process, the conditions for installing, how to check the installed version and what to do if an update fails. Regulations such as the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) make update information part of the product's obligations.
OTA vs. remote software update
OTA usually refers to wireless or cellular delivery, often to many devices at once. Remote software update is the broader term for any update performed without being on site.